Paul Wallace, PhD

Director

Department of Flow & Image Cytometry

Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Associate Professor of Pathology

State University of New York at Buffalo

Profile

Areas of Expertise:

Pathology

Flow Cytometry

Research

Research Interests:

Clinical diagnosis and monitoring of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoma by flow cytometry

Application of flow cytometry to monitoring immune cell function

Immunotherapy of cancer with differentiated myeloid cells

Selected Publications:

Grant, J., Bourcier, K., Wallace, S. S., Pan, D., Conway, A., Seyfert-Margolis, V., and Wallace, P. K. Validated Protocol for FoxP3 Reveals Increased Expression in Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 76B: 67-157, 2009.

Wallace, P. K., Tario Jr., J. D., Fisher, J. L., Wallace, S. S., Ernstoff, M. S., and Muirhead, K. A. Tracking antigen-driven responses by flow cytometry: monitoring proliferation by dye dilution. Cytometry A, 73: 1019-34, 2008.

Wood, B. L., Arroz, M., Barnett, D., DiGuiseppe, J., Greig, B., Kussick, S. J., Oldaker, T., Shenkin, M., Stone, E., and Wallace, P. K. 2006 Bethesda international consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia by flow cytometry: optimal reagents and reporting for the flow cytometric diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 72 Suppl 1: S14-22, 2007.

Bercovici, N., Givan, A. L., Waugh, M. G., Fisher, J. L., Vernel-Pauillac, F., Ernstoff, M. S., Abastado, J. P., and Wallace, P. K. Multiparameter precursor analysis of T-cell responses to antigen. J Immunol Methods, 276: 5-17, 2003.

Wallace, P. K., Romet-Lemonne, J. L., Chokri, M., Fanger, M. W., and Fadul, C. E. Production of macrophage activated killer cells for in vivo targeting to glioblastoma with a bispecific antibody to FcgRI and EGF receptor. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 49: 493-503, 2000.

Wallace, P. K., Keler, T., Coleman, K., Fisher, J. L., Vitale, L. A., Graziano, R. F., Guyre, P. M., and Fanger, M. W. Humanized mAb H22 binds the human high affinity Fc receptor for IgG (FcgRI), blocks phagocytosis, and modulates receptor expression. J Leukoc Biol, 62: 469-79, 1997.

[Grant, 2009 #133]

[Wallace, 2008 #134]

[Wood, 2007 #119]

[Bercovici, 2003 #71]

[Wallace, 2000 #30]

[Wallace, 1997 #14]

[Wallace, 1993 #8]

Background Information

Education and Training:

PhD - Immunology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

Professional Memberships:

International Society for Analytical Cytometry

Clinical Cytometry Society

Great Lakes International Imaging and Flow Cytometry Association

Publications

Publications:

Nowak NJ, Wang ES, Wallace PK, Ford L, Liu S, Gaile D, Deeb G, Zeidan A, Sait SNJ, Wetzler M. Recurrent deletion of 9q34 in adult normal karyotype precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 2010; 199(1):15-20
Pawarode A, Wallace PK, Ford LA, Barcos M, Baer MR. Long-term safety and efficacy of cyclosporin A therapy for T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Leukemia and lymphoma 2010; 51(2):338-341
Moysich KB, Nesline M, Davis W, Wallace P, Grasela M, Hampras S, Chennamaneni R, Odunsi K. The influence of regulatory T cells on breast cancer risk and clinical characteristics. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2010; 51:1288
Pankewycz O, Kohli R, Wallace PK, Said M, Feng L, Patel S, Alnimri M, Laftavi MR. Low dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction therapy results in prolonged selective CD4 T cell depletion irrespective of maintenance immunosuppression. American journal of transplantation 2010; 10(Suppl. 4):316-317
Tornatore K, Sudchada P, Gundroo A, Gray V, Attwood K, Wallace P, Venuto R. Time dependent pharmacodynamic responses of T regulatory vells in dtable African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2010; 10(Suppl. 4):515
Segal BH, Christman JW, Sporn MB, Chan J, Vinh DC, Holland SM, Romani LR, Gaffen SL, Freeman ML, Minderman H, Wallace PK, Capitano M, Han W, Bushey JJ, Joo M, Bhatti Z, Feminella J, Dennis CG, Vethanayagam RR, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. NADPH oxidase limits innate immune responses in the lungs in mice. PloS one 2010; 5(3):e9631
Battiwalla M , Hepgur M , Pan D , McCarthy PL , Ahluwalia MS , Camacho SH , Starostik P , Wallace PK. Multiparameter flow cytometry for the diagnosis and monitoring of small GPI-deficient cellular populations. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 2010; 78(5):348-356
McLoughlin RM , Calatroni A , Visness CM , Wallace PK , Cruikshank WW , Gern JE , Gold DR. Longitudinal relationship of early-life immunomodulatory T-cell phenotype and function with development of allergic sensitization in an urban cohort. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2010; 125(2 Suppl. 1):AB126
Sordillo JE , Webb T , Hoffman E , Kelly R , Milton DK , Wallace PK , Gold DR. Exhaled NO and allergen-induced cytokine production from PBMCs in children at high risk for asthma and allergy. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2010; 125(2 Suppl. 1):AB110
Tario JD Jr , Muirhead KA , Pan D , Munson ME , Wallace PK. Tracking immune cell proliferation and cytotoxic potential using flow cytometry. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2011; 699:119-164
Agrawal T, Vats V, Wallace PK, Singh A, Salhan S, Mittal A. Recruitment of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in cervical mucosa during Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clinical microbiology and infection 2009; 15(1):50-59
Akinnusi ME, Paasch LL, Szarpa KR, Wallace PK, El Solh AA. Impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on markers of platelet activation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration 2009; 77(1):25-31
Grant J, Bourcier K, Wallace S, Pan D, Conway A, Seyfert-Margolis V, Wallace PK. Validated protocol for FoxP3 reveals increased expression in type 1 diabetes patients. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 2009; 76(2):69-78
Harb AJ, Wang ES, Wallace PK, Barcos M, Block AW, Sait SNJ, Ford L, Wilding GE, Tan W, Wetzler M. Treating octogenarian and nonagenarian acute myeloid leukemia patients--predictive prognostic models. Cancer 2009; 115(11):2472-2481
Ly NP, Gold DR, O'Connor GT, Tzianabos AO, Cruikshank WW, Wallace PK, Visness CM, McLoughlin RM, Ruiz-Perez B, Gern JE. Characterization of regulatory T cells in urban newborns. Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA 2009; 7:8
Qian F, Old LJ, Shrikant P, Lele S, Moysich K, Cheney R, Liao J, Beck A, Frederick PJ, Ayyoub M, Valmori D, Matsuzaki J, Andrews C, Tario Jr JD, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Wallace PK, Villella J, Odunsi K. Efficacy of levo-1-methyl tryptophan and dextro-1-methyl tryptophan in reversing indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-mediated arrest of T-cell proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer research 2009; 69(13):5498-5504
Varadarajan R, Ford L, Sait SNJ, Block AW, Barcos M, Wallace PK, Ramnath N, Wang ES, Wetzler M. Metachronous and synchronous presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. Leukemia research 2009; 33(9):1208-1211
Minderiman H, Pankewycz O, O'Loughlin K, Feng L, Laftavi M, Wallace P. NF-kB translocation as a quantitative parameter for clinical immunosuppression. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 2010; 78B(6):410
Al Ustwani O, Francis J, Wallace PK, Ambrus J Jr, Wetzler M. Treating myelodysplastic syndrome improves an accompanying autoimmune disease along with a reduction in regulatory T-cells. Leukemia research 2011; 35(5):e35-e36
Chanan-Khan A, Zeldis JB, Wallace PK, Czuczman MS, Hernandez-Illatazurri F, Miller A, Padmanabhan S, Lawrence D, Miller KC, Lee K. Tumor flare reaction associated with lenalidomide treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia predicts clinical response. Cancer 2011; 117(10):2127-2135
Agrawal T, Vats V, Wallace PK, Salhan S, Mittal A. Role of cervical dendritic cell subsets, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokine secretion profile and beta-estradiol in development of sequalae to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2008; 6:46
Bernstein ZP, Walder H, Adal A, Wallace P, Stewart C, Sumlin A, Kepner J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Gollnick S, Dougherty T, Poiesz B. Photopheresis in HIV-1 infected patients utilizing benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) verteporfin and light. Current HIV research 2008; 6(2):152-163
Lawrence WG, Varadi G, Entine G, Podniesinski E, Wallace PK. Enhanced red and near infrared detection in flow cytometry using avalanche photodiodes. Cytometry. Part A 2008; 73(8):767-776
Reddy N, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Roth M, Vaughn M, Knight J, Wallace P, Czuczman MS. Immunomodulatory drugs stimulate natural killer-cell function, alter cytokine production by dendritic cells, and inhibit angiogenesis enhancing the anti-tumour activity of rituximab in vivo. British journal of haematology 2008; 140(1):36-45
Wallace PK, Tario JD Jr, Fisher JL, Wallace SS, Ernstoff MS, Muirhead KA. Tracking antigen-driven responses by flow cytometry: monitoring proliferation by dye dilution. Cytometry. Part A 2008; 73(11):1019-1034
Agrawal T, Vats V, Wallace PK, Salhan S, Mittal A. Cervical cytokine responses in women with primary or recurrent chlamydial infection. Journal of interferon and cytokine research 2007; 27(3):221-226
Battiwalla M, Hahn T, Padmanabhan S, Nakamura R, Wallace PK, Segal BH, Almyroudis NG, Radovic M, Bajwa RP, Wu Y, McCarthy PL Jr. Ganciclovir inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by impairing DNA synthesis. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation 2007; 13(7):765-770
Fairhurst AM, Wallace PK, Jawad AS, Goulding NJ. Rheumatoid peripheral blood phagocytes are primed for activation but have impaired Fc-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. Arthritis research and therapy 2007; 9(2):R29
Fox CH, Timm EA Jr, Smith SJ, Touyz RM, Bush EG, Wallace PK. A method for measuring intracellular free magnesium concentration in platelets using flow cytometry. Magnesium research 2007; 20(3):200-207
Jartti T, Lemanske RF Jr, Gangnon RE, Ruiz-Perez B, Wallace PK, Vrtis RF, Evans MD, Dasilva DF, Salazar LP, Tisler CJ, Jennens-Clough ML, Seroogy CM, Burmeister KA, Gern JE. Association between CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells and atopy in children. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2007; 120(1):177-183
Ramakrishna V, Vasilakos JP, Tario JD Jr, Berger MA, Wallace PK, Keler T. Toll-like receptor activation enhances cell-mediated immunity induced by an antibody vaccine targeting human dendritic cells. Journal of translational medicine 2007; 5:5
Tario JD Jr, Gray BD, Wallace SS, Muirhead KA, Ohlsson-Wilhelm BM, Wallace PK. Novel lipophilic tracking dyes for monitoring cell proliferation. Immunological investigations 2007; 36(5-6):861-885
Wallace PK, Muirhead KA. Cell tracking 2007: a proliferation of probes and applications. Immunological investigations 2007; 36(5-6):527-561
Wood BL, Stone E, Shenkin M, Oldaker T, Kussick SJ, Greig B, DiGiuseppe J, Barnett D, Arroz M, Wallace P. 2006 Bethesda International Consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia by flow cytometry: optimal reagents and reporting for the flow cytometric diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 2007; 72 Suppl. 1:S14-S22
Cruz RI, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Olejniczak S, Deeb G, Knight J, Wallace P, Thurberg BL, Kennedy W, Czuczman MS. CD52 over-expression affects rituximab-associated complement-mediated cytotoxicity but not antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: preclinical evidence that targeting CD52 with alemtuzumab may reverse acquired resistance to rituximab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia and lymphoma 2007; 48(12):2424-2436
Paszkiewicz GM, Timm EA Jr, Mahoney MC, Wallace PK, Sullivan Nasca MA, Tammela TL, Hutson A, Pauly JL. Increased human buccal cell autofluorescence is a candidate biomarker of tobacco smoking. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers and prevention 2008; 17(1):239-244
Ashraf U, Elefante AN, Cruz R, Wallace PK, Czuczman MS, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ. Emergence of rituximab-fludarabine resistance is associated with changes in CD20 antigen expression-and improved response to almetuzumab therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood 2007; 110(11 Part 1):Abstract #2054
Battiwalla M, Sait S, Block AW, Kebbewar I, Ahluwalia MS, Timm EA, Wallace PK. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACs) followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine clonal origins of cells in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). Blood 2007; 110(11 Part 2):229B (Abstract #4623)
Bernstein ZP, Dougherty T, Gollnick S, Schwartz S, Mahajan S, Kepner J, Sumlin A, Stewart C, Wallace P, Walder H, Poiesz B. Photopheresis in HIV-1 infected patients utilizing (Benzoporphyrin derivative Verteporfin/BPD-MA) and light. Blood 2007; 110(11 Part 1):Abstract #2275
Collins CC, O'Loughlin ML, Wallace PK, George T, Miecznikowski JC, Minderman H. Quantitative assessment of NF-kappa B activation in heterogeneous cell populations. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2009; 50:667
McLoughlin RM, Ly NP, Visness CM, Wallace PK, Cruikshank WW, Ruiz-Perez B, Gern JE, Gold DR. Title: Relation Of Early Life Regulatory T-cell Function And Phenotype Development To Wheeze And Allergy: The Urban Environment And Childhood Asthma. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2009; 123(2 Suppl.):469
Pawarode A, Wallace PK, Ford LA, Barcos M, Baer MR. Long-term outcome of cyclosporin a therapy for T-Cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2007; 110(11 Part 2):614A-615A (Abstract #2063)
Zeidan A, Gaile D, Conroy JM, McQuaid DE, Wang ES, Deeb G, Wallace PK, Sait SNJ, Nowak NJ, Wetzler M. Frequent molecular aberrations in normal karyotype (NC) precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB-ALL) detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Blood 2007; 110(11 Part 2):135B (Abstract #4270)
Lee HJ, Wright KM, Kandeel E, Tan W, Wilding GE, Ford LA, Sait SN, Block AMW, Barcos MP, McCarthy PL, Vigil CE, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Wallace PK, Wetzler M. The role of minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry (FC) in predicting outcome in similarly treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients : ASCO Meeting Abstracts Part 1. Journal of clinical oncology 2011; 29(15 Suppl.):6592
Chanan-Khan AA, Chitta K, Ersing N, Paulus A, Masood A, Sher T, Swaika A, Wallace PK, Mashtare TL Jr, Wilding G, Lee K, Czuczman MS, Borrello I, Bangia N. Biological effects and clinical significance of lenalidomide-induced tumour flare reaction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: in vivo evidence of immune activation and antitumour response. British journal of haematology 2011; 155(4):457-467
Ahluwalia MS, Wallace PK, Peereboom DM. Flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool in lymphomatous or leukemic meningitis: Ready for prime time?. Cancer 2012; 118(7):1747-1753
Chen G, Hahn T, Zhang Y, Pan D, Brix L, Ross M, Liu H, Wallace P, McCarthy P. Quantifying Anti-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Immunity with CMV Antigen Specific T Cells (Casts) After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (alloHCT). Biology of blood and marrow transplantation 2012; 18(2 Suppl.):S274
Ghoshal S, Brady MT, Ustwani O, Tracy E, Den Haese J, Wallace PK, Baumann H, Wetzler M. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Promotes Leukemogenesis. Blood 2011; 118(21):609
McLoughlin RM, Calatroni A, Visness CM, Wallace PK, Cruikshank WW, Tuzova M, Ly NP, Ruiz-Perez B, Kattan M, Bloomberg GR, Lederman H, Gern JE, Gold DR. Longitudinal relationship of early life immunomodulatory T cell phenotype and function to development of allergic sensitization in an urban cohort. Clinical and experimental allergy 2012; 42(3):392-404
Smonskey MT, Block AW, Deeb G, Chanan-Khan AA, Bernstein ZP, Miller KC, Wallace PK, Starostik P. Monoallelic and Biallelic Deletions of 13q14.3 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: FISH vs miRNA RT-qPCR Detection. American journal of clinical pathology 2012; 137(4):641-646
Barth RJ Jr, Fischer DA, Channon JY, Ernstoff M, Wallace PK. Treatment of colorectal cancer patients after resection of metastases with a tumor lysate pulsed dendritic cell vaccine: association between immune response and recurrence free survival . Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2010; 51:Abstract #2400
Kurtzberg J, Dornsife R, Preti R, Chan WS, Wallace PK, Furlage R, Tonn T, Bonig H, Omana-Zapata I, Segurado O. Novel stem cell enumeration method by flow cytometry shows concordant results across four study sites. Bone marrow transplantation 2012; 47(Suppl. 1):S284-S285
Merzianu M, Wallace PK. Case study interpretation--Portland: Case 4. Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, unclassifiable. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 2012; 82B(3):186-191
Omana-Zapata I, Segurado O, Kurtzberg J, Dornsife R, Preti R, Chan WS, Wallace PK, Furlage R, Tonn T, Bonig H. The new BD stem cell enumeration method by flow cytometry shows concordant results across four study sites. International journal of laboratory hematology 2012; 34(Suppl. 1):55
Pankewycz O, Leca N, Wallace P, Said M, Feng L, Patel S, Kohli R, Laftavi M. Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (rATG) Induction Therapy Followed by Tacrolimus Conversion to Sirolimus at 3 Months Does Not Increase Treg Cells. American journal of transplantation 2012; 12(Suppl. 3):448
Sullivan K, Woolson R, Wallace P, Sempowski G, McSweeney P, Mayes M, Crofford L, Nash R, Furst D, Storek J. Lymphocyte immunophenotypes at entry on the SCOT trial: compared with healthy controls, markedly reduced T- and B-cell subsets are present in subjects with SSC treated or not treated with prior DMARDs. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2012; 51(Suppl. 2):1-2
Minderman H, Arcadi JC, Wierzbicki A, Wang ES, Sait SNJ, Block AW, Liang L, George T, Wallace PK. Detection of Numerical Chromosome Aberrations in Rare Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells. Haematologica 2009; 94(Suppl. 2):0037
Minderman H, O'Loughlin K, Collins C, Venkatachalam V, George T, Wallace PK. Quantitative measurement of nuclear translocation of NF-kB and Stat-3 as parameter of response to targeted treatments in immunophenotypically defined cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2009; 94(Suppl. 2):0751
Padmanabhan S, Block AW, Wallace P, Tan W, Nowak N, Varadarajan P, Barcos M, Hernandez F, Ketepalli S, Wilding G, Czuczman M, Chanan-Khan A. Concomitant z score and ZAP 70 along with ATM deletion identifies patients with poor survival from the RPCI Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Series: A correlation of treatment and survival of B-CLL patients with prognostic variables such as fish, ZAP70 expression, CGH. Haematologica 2008; 93(Suppl. 1):416 (Abstract #1053)
Pankewycz O, Leca N, Kohli R, Wallace PK, Said M, Feng L, Alnimri M, Patel S, Laftavi MR. Low-dose rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction therapy results in prolonged selective lymphocyte depletion irrespective of maintenance immunosuppression. Transplantation proceedings 2011; 43(2):462-465
Pankewycz O, Wallace P, Kohli R, Lin F, Said M, Laftavi MR. Low dose thymoglobulin therapy fails to deplete CD8 and total B cells: A new approach to reduce side effects while maintaining efficacy. Transplant international 2009; 22(Suppl. 2):149
Pankewycz OG, Wallace PK, Said M, Leca N, Feng L, Patel S, Alnimri M, Kohli R, Laftavi MR. Low Dose Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Induction Therapy Selectively Depletes Blood Lymphocytes but Does Not Promote Treg Expansion. American journal of transplantation 2011; 11(Suppl. 2):177 (Abstract #493)
Sher T, Miller K, Patel M, Whitworth A, Musial L, Lawrence D, Padmanabhan S, Ailawadhi S, Wilding G, DePaolo D, Bangia N, Czuczman MS, Wallace PK, Lee KP, Khan AC. Lenalidomide associated tumor flare reaction correlates with clinical response in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2009; 94(Suppl. 2):0928
Sardesai SD, Tan W, Ford LA, Deeb G, Block AMW, Sait SNJ, McCarthy PL, Vigil CE, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Wallace PK, Wetzler M. Predicting outcome based on minimal residual disease (MRD) using multiparameter flow cytometry (FC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (Pts) : ASCO Meeting Abstracts Part 1. Journal of clinical oncology 2012; 30(15 Suppl.):Abstract #6565
Herko A, Pophali P, Wallace PK, Sharma P, Loud P, Khoury T, Battiwalla M. T-cell large granular lymphocytosis associated with malignant thymoma. Leukemia research 2012; 36(8):e187-e189
Hampras SS, Nesline M, Wallace PK, Odunsi K, Furlani N, Davis W, Moysich KB. Predictors of immunosuppressive regulatory T lymphocytes in healthy women. Journal of cancer epidemiology 2012; 2012 :191090
Minderman H, Humphrey K, Arcadi JK, Wierzbicki A, Maguire O, Wang ES, Block AW, Sait SN, George TC, Wallace PK. Image cytometry-based detection of aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension. Cytometry. Part A 2012; 81A(9):776-784
Wang ES, Zeidan A, Tan W, Wilding GE, Ford LA, Wallace PK, Hahn TE, Battiwalla M, McCarthy PL, Wetzler M. Cytoreduction with gemtuzumab ozogamicin and cytarabine prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia and lymphoma 2012; 53(10):2085-2088